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The Spectro-Photo-Fluorometer
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Photomultiplier tube
The purpose of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) is to measure very weak light. The tube multiplies the effect of the light that strikes it and converts photons of light into electrical signals so that the light can be precisely measured.
Each photon (bit of light) strikes a photocathode, ejecting an electron. The electrons are accelerated toward a secondary electrode called a dynode, which is held at a more positive potential so that each electron gains enough energy to eject several electrons from the dynode. This is the electron "multiplier." By using a series of dynodes, the PMT creates a cascading effect-the system creates 100,000-10,000,000 electrons for each photon hitting the first cathode. The amplified signal can be collected and measured at the end.
Fluorometer
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This research tool combines the technologies of the spectrometer, the photomultiplier tube, and the fluorometer to provide sensitive measurements of the color spread, or spectrum, of fluorescent light in a sample.
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Spectrophotofluorometer
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Informative video about the operation of the SPF.
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