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An old monochromatic photo of rabbits being injected by a couple scientists

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Bacterial Endotoxins 

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Testing for endotoxins (a toxin released from a bacteria cell when the cell disintegrates) in injectable biologics was revolutionized in Building 29A. 

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Image of a syringe for blood draws

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Blood Products

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Regulating blood banks and blood products such as platelets was an important job at the Division of Biologics Standards (DBS).

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screenshot of a video about cholera. The screen is green with beige text that says cholera can be conquered

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Cholera

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Cholera is a bacterial disease transmitted through contaminated water or food supplies. It was a stubborn problem, particularly in urban areas, and could be mild or fatal. 

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Hepatitis B poster

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Hepatitis

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Hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C are liver infections caused by three different viruses. They can be transmitted by blood products, sexual activity, and sharing needles.

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An image of a group of people from the time, which appears to be the 1980s

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HIV/AIDS

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks the immune system and, if not treated, can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). 

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A monochromatic image of a toddler covered in a rash due to a measles infection

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Measles

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In the first half of the 20th century, before a vaccine was developed, nearly all children got measles, one of the most infectious viruses.

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a poster that says whooping cough (pertussis) is back and has an image of a mother holding a baby with an explanation of symptoms and prevention

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Pertussis

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Pertussis, or whooping cough, can cause serious symptoms and even death in infants. There is now a vaccine available.

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a sign on a masonry wall that says let's wipe out polio with the Salk vaccine

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Polio Timeline

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 Poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis (often just called polio now) can cause paralysis and is best-known for the iron lungs used to keep children alive during the 1940s-1950s, before vaccines became available. 

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a poster with an Art Deco style image of a mother and baby that advertises a rubella screening program for women

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Rubella

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From 1964–1965 there was a rubella epidemic in the United States which caused 11,000 stillbirths, miscarriages, and abortions, and at least 20,000 deformed babies, which spurred the search for development of a vaccine.



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a black and white photo of a vial of tetanus antitoxin

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Tetanus

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Tetanus is an often fatal disease caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. Symptoms of tetanus include muscle stiffness in the jaw, hence its nickname "lockjaw."

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a typhoid fever isolation sign from the early 20th century

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Typhoid

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Typhoid fever spreads from person to person in contaminated food and water, and via the fecal-oral route. A gastrointestinal illness, it was a major cause of disease before the mid-20th century.   

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Map depicting locations of Yellow Fever, Mainly in the southern hemisphere, concentrated in Africa and South America

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Yellow Fever

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Yellow fever was known and feared, especially in port towns with the arrival of new ships. After the Spanish-American War, a Yellow Fever Commission was established in the United States to investigate.