Biologics Regulation and ResearchThe People and Work of Buildings 29 & 29A

Dr. John B. Robbins, along with several colleagues including Dr. Rachel Schneerson, received the prestigious Lasker Award in 1996 for the vaccine for preventing against Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), which can cause meningitis in children.

John B. Robbins was born in 1932 in Brooklyn, New York. He was born into a Jewish family (whose last name was originally Rabinowitz but was later changed) who had immigrated emigrated from Minsk, an Eastern European city that is today the capital of Belarus. John’s parents founded a box and paper company and were upwardly mobile , emphasizing and emphasized education for their children. Robbins received his bachelor’s degree in history in 1956 and a medical degree in 1959, both from New York University. Early in his career he was a pediatrician at the University of Florida in Gainesville, where he trained in infectious disease and immunology. There he saw meningitis patients who inspired him to shift his career to research that would protect children from meningitis and other diseases. In the late 1960s he worked at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, New York.

He first came to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1970 as the first Clinical Director at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). In 1974, he joined the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bureau of Biologics (what the NIH Division of Biologics Standards was called when it was first administratively transferred to the FDA). Dr. Robbins was the director of the Division of Bacterial Products until 1984, when he retuned to NICHD, establishing the Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity to explore methods for developing vaccines against Hib and other encapsulated bacteria. In subsequent years, Drs. Robbins, Schneerson, and their colleagues developed a vaccine for pertussis and worked on conjugate vaccines against typhoid fever, Staphylococcus aureus, and other bacterial diseases. Dr. Robbins retired from NICHD in 2012.

In April 1985, FDA approved the first vaccine to prevent the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children, Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). This pathogen was responsible for 12,000 cases of meningitis among U. S. children each year, of whom 600 died.  Many Many survivors still suffered problems, including blood infections and long-term neurological damage. FDA licensed a new vaccine, Hemophilus b Hib conjugate (Diphtheria toxoid-conjugate), in December 1987, for use in young children. This vaccine induced antibodies against the Hemophilus pathogen more effectively than the previously licensed Hemophilus b. Hib polysaccharide vaccine. OBRR scientists had designed the conjugate technology for Hemophilus polysaccharide. The new vaccine was recommended for children 18 months to 5 years of age. A second Hemophilus b. Hib conjugate vaccine (Diphtheria CRM [197] Protein Conjugate) was licensed in 1988, and a third conjugate vaccine received a license the following year. Dr. Robbins and Dr. Schneerson developed the polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine for Hemophilus influenzae type b ( Hib).

Dr. Robbins was the recipient of numerous awards during his long career including the prestigious Lasker Award Winner in 1996 for the vaccine for preventing meningitis in children. As mentioned previously, together with his colleague, Dr. Rachel Schneerson, they developed the polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine for Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), which can cause Hib vaccine that prevented meningitis in children. The Lasker Award is bestowed annually to those who have made major contributions to medical science.