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The yellow fever vaccine was first licensed in 1938. At the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 1943 until her retirement in 1971, Dr. Margaret Pittman worked to assess the efficacy of and establish national and international standards for the production of the yellow fever vaccine. The NIH was also working on a yellow fever vaccine, like the Rockefeller Institute.

After WWII, the French and 17D vaccines widely used. By 1982 the French vaccine was discontinued.  Since 1982, developments have included greater stabilization of the vaccine, with a longer storage life. In 1985, the complete genome of the yellow fever virus was published, allowing new research. Today all the vaccines are derived from two sub-strains of 17D.

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