Page Comparison - Rodbell Nobel Hormones (v.18 vs v.19)

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Before 1970, we knew little about how hormones work. Since then, a revolution has taken place. As evidence of this, more than one quarter of all Nobel Prizes for Physiology and Medicine, from 1970 to 1998, have been awarded to scientists whose work revealed some aspect of hormone action at the molecular level. Progress in this area has been fueled by extensive support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Martin Rodbell is just one of these Nobel laureates. A sampling of the others is below. Also listed are the Institutes of the NIH that provided support for at least a portion of each investigator's work.

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Dr. Bernardo Alberto Houssay (1887-1971) won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work on the role hormones from the pituitary gland in the brain have in metabolizing sugars. This discovery helped scientists to understand the mechanisms that cause diabetes. At the age of 14, Houssay entered the School of Pharmacy at the University of Buenos Aires. He became a Professor of Physiology in the University's School of Veterinary Medicine after he graduated, and was Chief Physician at the Alvear Hospital as well. Later, he established and directed the Institute of Physiology at the University's Medical school, until 1943, when the government in power ousted him for his pro-democratic views. He remained in Argentina at the private Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental which he set up. His research problems included hormones and their actions, circulation and respiration, and the nervous system. His work combined his insight into physiology (the study of the structures of the body) and pharmacology (the study of chemicals' interactions with the body).

More information about Houssay and his discoveries: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1947/houssay/facts/

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Bernardo Alberto Houssay

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For the discovery of "releasing hormones", which mediate the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

Roger C. L. Guillemin

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In their separate laboratories, Guillemin and Schally investigated how the brain controls the hormone-producing glands. During the 1950s, they were able to extract substances which direct the release of hormones from the pituitary, thyroid, and gonad glands from the part of the brain called the hypothalmus. Not until 1969, however, was either laboratory able to isolate and purify one of those substances, Thyroid Releasing Factor (TRF). TRF released Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). This discovery opened up new avenues of research into how the brain and hormones work. For more information about Guillemin and Schally's work, visit: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1977/press-release/

"I always hoped that somehow I could one day work in a laboratory."
Roger C. L. Guillemin, Les Prix Nobel, 1977.

Roger C. L. Guillemin was born in France on January 11, 1924 and studied at the School of Medicine in Dijon, graduating in 1949. He moved to Canada and studied at the University of Montreal. Later he taught at Baylor University College of Medicine in Houston, Texas and became interested in how the pituitary gland was controlled. He established the Laboratories for Neuroendocrinology at the Salk Institute in San Diego. Guillemin also served on several National Institutes of Health advisory groups over the years.

More information about Guillemin and his discoveries: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1977/guillemin/facts/

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Photo of Roger C. L. Guillemin
Roger C. L. Guillemin

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Roger C. L. Guillemin

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