Page Comparison - Howard Bartner and 40 years of Medical Science (v.1 vs v.2)

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Photograph of Howard Bartner in front of his drawing board Image AddedIllustrator Howard Bartner

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Born in New York City in 1931, Howard Bartner discovered his artistic abilities early, painting landscapes and still lifes for his aunts and uncles. After graduating from the Stella Elkins Tyler School of Fine Arts at Temple University, Bartner found that medical illustration melded his interest in biology and the sciences with his artistic talent.

As a student in the medical arts graduate program at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Bartner's first encounter with the cadaver was difficult, but the intricate beauty of the human body fascinated him. Now he draws his illustrations from original dissections, stopping periodically to sketch, or observing surgical procedures and examining patients. Bartner's direct observations often produce works of considerable artistic sensitivity and beauty.

In addition to his career at the National Institutes of Health, Bartner is also an Assistant Professor in the Department of Art as Applied to Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Johns Hopkins University Medical Arts Program

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Photograph of Howard Bartner in front of his drawing board Image RemovedIllustrator Howard Bartner

Ophthalmological Disorders

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Painting 1: Glaucomatous Optic Disc

In the normal optic disc on the left, the number of optic nerve fibers is normal. The cup within the optic nerve is small and the vessels are near the center of the disc. In the glaucomatous optic disc on the right, increased pressure within the eye has caused the disappearance of a large number of optic nerve fibers. Therefore, the cup has enlarged and the disc vessels have curved along the cup's contour.

Painting of a normal optic disc and a glaucomatous optic disc
Painting 01

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Painting 2: Retina Uveitis Hemorrhages Hemorrhages

Painting of a retina of a patient with uveitis Image Added
Painting 02

In 1958, Howard Bartner created his first painting at the National Institutes of Health: this view of the retina of a patient with uveitis, an inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, and choroid), the middle layer of the eye. As a result, the retinal vessel walls are weakened and are bleeding. The inset depicts a scar in the retina; the retina and choroid have disappeared and the whiteness of the sclera (the outer layer of the eye) can be seen.

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Painting 02

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Painting 3: Detached Retina

This painting, completed in 1967, shows an entire retina. The optic disc is the small yellow circle near the center of the orange retina. The billowing of the bottom segment of the retina indicates that this segment of the retina has become detached from the firm connective tissue that encloses the eye. This causes visual loss in the area.

Painting of an entire retina
Painting 03

Anatomy of the Infant Head

Because infant anatomy of the head differs greatly from adult cranial anatomy, Dr. James Bosma of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research wanted to produce a reference guide on infant anatomy for pediatricians, pediatric dentists, maxillofacial surgeons, and other physicians. Bosma hoped that by learning more about the development of the infant airway, throat, larynx, and pharynx, that doctors could better understand breast feeding and respiratory abnormalities. Bosma asked Howard Bartner to collaborate with him and three other illustrators in the study and description of the infant head, resulting in the publishing of Anatomy of the Infant Head (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986). Bartner's elegant illustrations are important features of this classic text.

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Below are side-view drawings of an infant's head. Note the nugget of extra fat, known as the "buccal pad." The buccal pad contributes to babies' chubby cheeks and diminishes when the infant is about a year old. Drawings two and three depict arrangements of the jaw and throat muscles.

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Sequential Dissections of the Head from the Side starting with salivary glands and skin
Drawings 1-3: Sequential Dissections of the Head from the Side

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pencil Illustration of soft tissues and bone in babies face
Drawing 2 of 3: Sequential Dissections of the Head from the Side

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pencil Illustration of muscles and bone in babies face
Drawing 3 of 3: Sequential Dissections of the Head from the Side

Sequential Views of the Infant's Throat, Larynx Areas, and Mouth Muscles from the Front

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Drawing 1 of 4: Sequential Views of the Infant's Throat, Larynx Areas, and Mouth Muscles from the Front

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Drawing 2 of 4: Sequential Views of the Infant's Throat, Larynx Areas, and Mouth Muscles from the Front

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Drawing 3 of 4: Sequential Views of the Infant's Throat, Larynx Areas, and Mouth Muscles from the Front working sketch.

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Drawing 4 of 4: Sequential Views of the Infant's Throat, Larynx Areas, and Mouth Muscles from the Front.

Drawings 7-9: Sequential Drawings of the Throat Area from the Back

The following drawings show the back of an infant's head. Drawing seven depicts the relation between the pharynx and vessels and nerves on each side of it. The eighth drawing illustrates the ear as seen from the back; and the ninth drawing is a close-up of the pharynx and larynx areas.

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Drawing 1 of 3: Sequential Drawings of the Throat Area from the Back

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Drawing 2 of 3: Sequential Drawings of the Throat Area from the Back

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Drawing 3 of 3: Sequential Drawings of the Throat Area from the Back

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Human Physiology in Space

In some of his most recent work, Bartner created illustrations for the textbook Human Physiology in Space, produced jointly by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), NIH, the Universities Space Research Association, and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. The textbook uses space science to inspire high school students to learn about human physiology. Bartner invented two characters, a teenage boy and girl, to demonstrate the ideas in the text; his whimsical drawings keep students involved.

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Details of the vestibule organs of the inner ear responsible for balance shoeing position with face as reference
Drawing 1 of 3: Details of the vestibule organs of the inner ear responsible for balance

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Details of the vestibule organs of the inner ear responsible for balance
Drawing 2 of 3: Details of the vestibule organs of the inner ear responsible for balance

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Details of the vestibule organs of the inner ear responsible for balance, including the utricle
Drawing 3 of 3: Details of the vestibule organs of the inner ear responsible for balance