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In 1966, Dr. Paul Plotz visited rural hospitals along the Mississippi Gulf Coast and the southwest corner of Tennessee to see if they were integrated in compliance with the Medicare Act. His oral history discusses how the Public Health Service staff trained for their visits and some of his experiences in the South, both congenial and threatening.

Dr. Stanley Rapoport, National Institute of Mental Health:

In 1965, Dr. Stanley Rapoport went on an information-gathering trip to Bogalusa, Louisiana, to see if the Charity Hospital was integrating per the Hill-Burton Act. He met with representatives of the Congress of Racial Equality, stayed with members of the Deacons for the Defense and Justice, faced intimidation by the Ku Klux Klan, and was arrested. His visit became a training lesson for the NIH Public Health Service officers who followed the next year to enforce Medicare regulations on integration.

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