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NIH Biographies

NIH scientists have made major contributions to health and basic medical science for over 100 years. They include 163 Nobel laureates, 214 winners of the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award, and more than 200 members of the US National Academies of Science and Medicine.

The nonscientists essential to NIH’s day-to-day operations also have interesting stories to share - and they too are key to understanding NIH and its history. ONHM recently launched a new project to gather those stories. As they are completed, they will be published here.

Dr. Harvey Alter in NIH Clinical Center Department of Transfusion Medicine, 2004

Harvey Alter, M.D., is an NIH virologist best known for his work that led to the discovery of hepatitis B and C. For his work on hepatitis C, he was awarded the 2000 Alb…

Kennedy, R.A, Anfinsen wearing white lab coat working with chemical apparatus in laboratory, ca. 1952

Christian B. Anfinsen, M.D., was a biochemist and Nobel laureate who worked on the structure and function of proteins; the relations between protein chemistry and evolut…

Unidentified photographer, Armstrong featured half-length, full face, wearing lab smock, seated behind counter holding mouse and pencil

Charles Armstrong, M.D., was best known for his work on polio and many other contagious diseases, such as botulism, influenza, syphilis, tetanus, milk-borne epidemics, d…

G. Gilbert Ashwell

G. Gilbert Ashwell, M.D., was a pioneer in the field of glycobiology and is best known as the co-discoverer of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in the liver, sometimes re…

Gerald D. Aurbach, 1981

Gerald D. Aurbach, M.D., was the first to isolate parathyroid hormone, a major regulator of blood calcium.

Dr. Julius Axelrod in his laboratory

Julius Axelrod, Ph.D., was best known for work on brain chemistry in the early 1960s that led to modern-day treatments for depression and anxiety disorders. For that res…

Dr. Robert William Berliner, 1966

Robert Berliner, M.D., an eminent renal physiologist, helped establish early concepts of how potassium, sodium, hydrogen and water are transported by the kidney.

Alter and Blumberg cropped

Baruch Blumberg, M.D., is best known for his discovery of the hepatitis B virus, sharing the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discoveries concerning …

Dr. Roscoe O. Brady

Roscoe Brady, M.D., was the world's leading researcher on hereditary metabolic storage diseases, also called lipid or lysosomal storage disorders, such as Gaucher, …

Dr. Sara Eilzabeth Branham, 1938

Dr. Branham, a United States Public Health Service scientist, became nationally known for her studies in the field of infectious diseases and is considered one of the “g…

Dr. Bernard B. Brodie

Bernard Brodie, Ph.D., was an internationally renowned pharmacologist whose groundbreaking work at Goldwater and NIH — including his involvement in the development of Ty…

Giulio Cantoni

Giulio Cantoni, M.D., was the founding chief of one of the National Institute of Mental Health's laboratories as well as the founding music director of the FAES Cha…

Dr. Robert M. Chanock, 1994

Robert Chanock, M.D., was a renowned virologist and chief of the NIH Laboratory of Infectious Diseases.

William Mansfield Clark (1884-1964) worked at the U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Public Health Service and then became Professor of Physiological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 1927-1964.

William Mansfield Clark, Ph.D., headed one of our oldest laboratories, the Laboratory of Chemistry in the Hygienic Laboratory, a precursor of the NIH, from 1920 to 1927.

Dr. Kenneth Cole, 1966

Kenneth Cole, Ph.D., is considered the father of biophysics. He was the world's leading authority on the biophysics of the nervous system.

Dr. Ida Bengtson

Internationally recognized for pioneering work, Ida Bengtson, Ph.D., worked as a scientist at the Public Health Service’s Hygienic Laboratory, later known as the Nationa…

Dr. Erminio Costa in the May 11, 1982 NIH Record

Erminio Costa, Ph.D., contributed to the discovery of how serotonin works, demonstrating the importance of neurotransmitter turnover rates in understanding neuronal func…

Dr. John W. Daly

John Daly, Ph.D., was a world-renowned leader in natural products, chemical ecology, biological chemistry, and pharmacology. He was elected to the National Academy of Sc…

Alice Evans transferring a substance between tubes using a pipette

Evans, like many other early women scientists, began her career as a teacher. In 1909, she received her BS in bacteriology from Cornell University and, in 1910, earned h…

Edward V. Evarts in the May 18, 1976 NIH Record

Edward V. Evarts, M.D., investigated the nature of brain activity associated with sleep and the relationship of dreams to hallucinations, including how drugs like LSD al…